Diwali, known as the “Festival of Lights,” is one of the most celebrated festivals in India and among Indian communities worldwide. This vibrant occasion typically occurs between late October and November, depending on the lunar calendar. In 2024, Diwali will be observed across two days, October 31 and November 1, according to the Drik Panchang, as the Amavasya Tithi spans from 3:52 pm on October 31 to 6:16 pm on November 1. The five-day festival holds immense cultural and spiritual significance, with each day marked by unique traditions and symbolic rituals.
Mythological Roots of Diwali: Victory of Good Over Evil
The word “Diwali” is derived from the Sanskrit term Deepavali, meaning “row of lights.” The festival symbolizes the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance. The glowing lamps of Diwali represent both a physical and spiritual light, resonating with the human spirit’s desire for inner peace and enlightenment. Various mythological stories contribute to the celebration, each reinforcing these profound values.
Celebrations Across India: Diverse Legends and Traditions
North India: Lord Rama’s Return to Ayodhya
In North India, Diwali is closely associated with the epic tale of Lord Rama’s return to Ayodhya after a 14-year exile and his victory over the demon king Ravana. The joyous people of Ayodhya welcomed Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshman by illuminating the city with diyas (oil lamps), symbolizing hope and righteousness.
South India: Lord Krishna and Narakasura
In South India, Diwali commemorates Lord Krishna’s victory over the demon king Narakasura. With a unique boon making him invulnerable except at the hands of his mother, Narakasura felt secure in his power. However, Krishna’s wife, Satyabhama, a reincarnation of Narakasura’s mother, ultimately defeated him in battle. This story encapsulates Diwali’s joyful celebration as an expression of good overcoming evil.
Celebrating Goddess Lakshmi and Prosperity
Another significant myth associated with Diwali is the birth of Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth, who emerged from the ocean during the churning of the cosmic ocean (Samudra Manthan). Her presence symbolizes abundance, and people light lamps to welcome prosperity into their homes during Diwali. This story further emphasizes the festival’s theme of dispelling darkness and welcoming light.
Regional Variations: Unique Celebrations Across India
North India
In North Indian states such as Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, Diwali marks Lord Rama’s return, with festivities including house cleaning, vibrant decorations, lighting oil lamps, and bursting fireworks.
South India
Referred to as Deepavali, celebrations in Tamil Nadu and other parts of South India include early morning oil baths, prayers to Lord Ganesha and Goddess Lakshmi, decorating homes with kolam (rangoli-like patterns), and preparing special foods.
West India
In Gujarat and Maharashtra, Diwali is seen as an auspicious time for new beginnings. Gujaratis celebrate Vasubaras, a day dedicated to worshipping cows, symbolizing wealth. Colourful Rangoli patterns adorn doorsteps to welcome Goddess Lakshmi.
East India
In Eastern states like West Bengal, Diwali coincides with Kali Puja. Devotees worship Goddess Kali, regarded as a powerful protector, lighting clay lamps and engaging in cultural performances. Additionally, traditions in Odisha and West Bengal include lighting lamps for ancestors, guiding their souls towards peace.
Diwali’s Spiritual Significance
Diwali embodies the victory of good over evil and encourages meditation, self-reflection, and gratitude. Lighting lamps signifies illuminating one’s mind and spirit, inspiring inner peace and clarity. As the Hindu New Year begins with Diwali, it is considered an auspicious time to embrace positivity and seek blessings for prosperity and happiness.